In March 1864, Grant put Major General William T. Grant has been described as a "butcher" for his strategy, particularly in 1864, but he was able to achieve objectives that his predecessor generals had not, even though they suffered similar casualties over time. Such tactics often resulted in heavy casualties for Grant's men, but they wore down the Confederate forces proportionately even more and inflicted irreplaceable losses. Once an offensive or a siege began, Grant refused to stop the attack until the enemy surrendered or was driven from the field. Lee), Grant was not afraid to order direct assaults or tight sieges against Confederate forces, often when the Confederates were themselves launching offensives against him. Although a master of combat by out-maneuvering his opponent (such as at Vicksburg and in the Overland Campaign against Robert E. Grant's fighting style was what one fellow general called "that of a bulldog". On March 12, Grant became general-in-chief of all of the armies of the United States. Congress with Grant in mindon March 2, 1864. His willingness to fight and ability to win impressed President Abraham Lincoln, who appointed him lieutenant generala new rank recently authorized by the U.S. Grant was the savior of Union forces besieged in Chattanooga, Tennessee, decisively beating Braxton Bragg and opening an avenue to Atlanta, Georgia, and the heart of the Confederacy. His strategy in the campaign to capture the river fortress of Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 1863 is considered one of the most masterful in military history it split the Confederacy in two, and it represented the second major Confederate army to surrender to Grant. Albert Sidney Johnston at the Battle of Shiloh, but with grim determination and timely reinforcements, Grant turned a serious reverse into a victory in the second day of battle. Grant gave the Union Army its first major victory of the American Civil War by capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee, on February 6, 1862, followed by Fort Donelson, where he demanded the famous terms of "unconditional surrender" and captured a Confederate army. On August 7, Grant was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers. The governor felt that a West Point man could be put to better use and appointed him colonel of the 21st Illinois Infantry (effective June 17, 1861). On April 24, 1861, ten days after the fall of Fort Sumter, Captain Grant arrived in Springfield, Illinois, with a company of men he had raised. Louis, and finally an assistant in the leather shop owned by his father and brother. Seven years of civilian life followed, in which he was a farmer, a real estate agent in St. On July 31, 1854, he resigned from the army. He was twice brevetted for bravery: at Molino del Rey and Chapultepec. Grant served in the Mexican-American War under Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, taking part in the battles of Resaca de la Palma, Palo Alto, Monterrey, and Veracruz. (Buck) Grant, Jr., Ellen (Nellie) Grant, and Jesse Root Grant. They had four children: Frederick Dent Grant, Ulysses S. Grant married Julia Boggs Dent (1826-1902) on August 22, 1848. At the academy, he established a reputation as a fearless and expert horseman. He graduated from West Point in 1843, ranking 21st in a class of 39. Upon graduation, Grant adopted the form of his new name with middle initial only, never acknowledging that the "S" stood for Simpson. Hamer erroneously nominated him as Ulysses Simpson Grant, and although Grant protested the change, it was difficult to resist the bureaucracy. In the fall of 1823 they moved to the village of Georgetown in Brown County, Ohio, where Grant spent most of his time until he was 17.Īt the age of 17, Grant received a cadetship to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, through his U.S. His father, a tanner, and his mother were born in Pennsylvania. Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant in Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, 25 miles (40 km) north of Cincinnati on the Ohio River, to Jesse Grant and Hannah Simpson. More recent treatments have emphasized the accomplishments of his administration, including his struggle to preserve Reconstruction, and looked with more understanding upon its shortcomings. He is instead mostly criticized for not taking a strong stance against the corruption, and not acting to stop it. Historians agree that Grant was not personally corrupt it was his subordinates in the executive branch who were at fault. Although he was a successful general, he is considered by historians to be one of America's worst presidents, who led an administration plagued by severe scandal and corruption. Grant won many important battles, rose to become general-in-chief of all Union armies, and is credited with winning the war. Grant (ApJuly 23, 1885) was a Union general in the American Civil War and the 18th President of the United States (1869-1877).
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